The examples of entrepreneurship you’ve read about
so far suggest that people who strike out on their own are a different
breed. Successful entrepreneurs are more likely to have had parents
who were entrepreneurs. They also tend to possess unique personality
traits. Researchers who study successful entrepreneurs report that
they are more likely to be inquisitive, passionate, self-motivated,
honest, courageous, flexible, intelligent, and reliable people.
Vision
Entrepreneurs begin with a vision, an overall idea for how
to make their business idea a success, and then they passionately pursue
it. Bill Gates and Paul Allen launched Microsoft with the vision of
a computer on every desk and in every home, all running Microsoft software.
Their vision helped Microsoft become the world’s largest marketer
of computer software. It guided the company and provided clear direction
for employees as Microsoft grew, adapted, and prospered in an industry
characterized by tremendous technological change. Arguably, every invention
from the light bulb to the cell phone originated from a person with
vision. In fact, some of the greatest innovators were so far ahead
of their timethey were labeled “crazy” or worse. Michael
Lehrer was an accountant when his first child was born. While changing
his son’s
bib, he realized he would have to change it, wash it, and get a clean
one every time the baby spit up or drooled. He later launched Better
Baby Products and sold Double
Dribble bibs featuring interchangeable
pieces to several large retailers. Although the business didn’t
bring much profit, it did give him confidence for his next venture,
a golfing green in the backyard. At first, his neighbors thought he
was crazy, especially when he replaced his lawn with a synthetic green
that would need little maintenance. But within a year he was tearing
up his neighbors’ yards and building greens for them.
Through referrals and quality work, he began taking on customers beyond
his neighborhood.
Now Lehrer’s company, Home
Green Advantage, builds 40 greens a year in places from suburban New
York to Manhattan rooftops. It all started one day in a conference
room when “Fairway to Heaven” struck
Lehrer out of the blue.38 Similarly, the vision of providing economically
feasible space transportation, practical electronic cars, and affordable
solar energy propelled Elon Musk to start three companies with his
own money, as the “Hit & Miss” feature describes.
High Energy Level
Entrepreneurs willingly work hard to realize their visions. Starting
and building a company require an enormous amount of hard work and
long hours. Some entrepreneurs work full-time at their regular day
jobs and spend weeknights and weekends launching their start-ups.
Many devote seven days a week to their new ventures. The average
time to start up a business is about two years, and working 50 hours
a week is the norm.39
Many entrepreneurs
work alone or with a very small staff. Therefore, a high energy level
is a must. Truman and Minhee Cho grew up together, started dating in
their twenties, then married. The couple started Paper + Cup + Design,
a stationery and graphics company in Brooklyn. Minhee left her job
as a magazine designer,
while Truman still works full-time as a computer engineer. Minhee
oversees a small staff of five, and Truman works several hours each
evening at the office dealing with investors and new retail
customers. The couple has expended enormous energy to place their
note cards, journals, and gift tags in 250 stores nationwide.40 Because
entrepreneurs like the Chos often work long hours, even
two jobs, one of the major challenges they face is balancing the
hard work with rest, recreation,
and family time that are essential to good health, quality of life,
and continued creativity.
Need to Achieve
Entrepreneurs work hard because they want to excel. Their strong
competitive drive helps them enjoy the challenge of reaching difficult
goals and promotes dedication to personal success. A poll conducted
by About.com showed Oprah Winfrey as the most admired entrepreneur.
The first African American woman billionaire, Winfrey has built an
empire stretching from television to magazines. Her own words best
illustrate her strong drive: “I
don’t think of myself as a poor, deprived ghetto girl who made
good. I think of myself as somebody who from an early age knew I
was responsible for myself, and had to make good.”41
During
the past several years, most of PayPal’s key players
have left after selling out to eBay for $1.5 billion. Besides Elon
Musk, with his SpaceX, Tesla Motors, and SolarCity, these PayPal
alums have been building a variety of new ventures, including investment
firms and several Internet companies. Co-founder Peter Thiel, who
also had an early stake in Facebook, which is now worth about $1
billion, has founded a new venture capital firm that has Silicon
Valley talking and runs a $3 billion hedge fund. Another PayPal cofounder,
Max Levchin, runs a photo-sharing site called Slide and pulls in
134 million users a day. Thiel, Levchin, and other founders of the
original PayPal run businesses worth an estimated $30 billion. A
strong need to achieve pushes these successful serial entrepreneurs
to further success.42